Unique in Europe, the region of Flanders has a collection of medieval cities, pulsing with heritage and culture, conveniently clustered together.

If you know your Belgium, then the only city other than Brussels you might remember is Bruges. Of course, it’s been on the tourist map for a long time, but what’s surprising is that there are a number of other cities, all close by, which are well worth visiting.

Flanders has a long trading history and, during the late Middle Ages, it became one of the richest and most urbanized parts of Europe. Weaving the wool of neighbouring lands into cloth for both domestic use and export, the towns attracted artists, nobles and the great thinkers of the time.

As a consequence, a sophisticated culture developed, with impressive art and architecture, rivalling those of northern Italy. The towns grew into great cities, some of the wealthiest in Europe at the time. All are easily accessible by train from Brussels and you can spend a pleasant week exploring their different characters.

Ghent

Medieval city overlooked by church spires and Belfort’s UNESCO listed 14^thcentury belfry.

It’s just 25 minutes from Brussels by train, Ghent is known for Van Eyck’s masterpiece, The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb, recently restored to its original magnificence. It’s kept inside a chapel in St-Baaf’s cathedral and it’s well worth the admission charge.

Outside, wander round the heart of the medieval city overlooked by church spires and Belfort’s UNESCO listed 14^th century belfry.

Nearby is the Castle of the Counts, built in the 12^th century, its impressive towers enclosed by a moat, There’s not much to see inside but it’s worth climbing to the top for stunning views over the rooftops.

A 40 minute canal cruise which leads you through narrow waterways

To really get a feel for the city, take a 40-minute canal cruise which leads you through narrow waterways, lined with antique red brick houses. STAM, Ghent City Museum, details the history of the city using paintings, scale models and drawings and it’s nicely laid out in a former convent.

In the 19^th century, Ghent started Flanders’s industrial revolution, and the Museum of Industry and Textile, complete with working weaving machines, shows how the city became the Manchester of the continent.

For something more modern, don’t miss S.M.A.K, the Museum of Contemporary Art, with cutting edge temporary exhibitions. Their permanent collection has a nice selection of pop art including works by Andy Warhol and Roy Lichenstein.

Mechelen

Mechelen Cathedral and Square

Midway between Antwerp and Brussels, this is one of Flanders’s most underrated cities. It was the capital until 1530, when it was replaced by Brussels, but it still has an impressive cathedral and a huge central square, lined with imposing buildings. Like Ghent, it has a network of canals, lined with baroque houses.

St-Rombout’s Cathedral dominates the city with its 15^th century tower, worth climbing its 500 steps for the view. Opposite, across the square, is the Stadhuis, a curious mix of the old and the new. The Cloth Hall is from the 14^th century and the neo-gothic council hall was built in 1911 to a 16^th century design.

Because of its railway links, the city became a Nazi deportation centre during WW2 and over 25,000 Jews were sent to Auschwitz. Their temporary home was the 18^th century Dossin Barracks and a new Museum, the Kazerne Dossin, has been built opposite. This tells the chilling story of Nazi Occupation, collaboration, resistance and finally death, through artefacts and photographs.

Beer was brewed in this city by Beguines, women halfway to becoming nuns, and the Het Anker brewery carries on this tradition. Guided tours take you through the process and end with a tasting of their finest beers. Highly recommended is Gouden Carolus ‘Classic’, a rich 7.5% dark beer but don’t miss the sturdy 9% Tripel and the 8% Ambrio brown ale.

Antwerp

Antwerp Cathedral home of Pieter Paul Rubens

Belgium’s 2^nd city is famous as the home of painter Pieter Paul Rubens, but there’s far more to it than that. At its heart is the medieval centre with winding cobbled lanes and an impressive cathedral but there’s also the waterfront dominated by the small Het Steen castle.  In the 16th century, Antwerp grew to become the richest city in Europe.

A three-hour cycle tour is a good way of exploring the outlying districts roughly following the line of the original walls and moat, now filled in. The south has grand 19^th century mansions and the huge Neoclassical Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten (KMSKA; Royal Fine Art Museum) dating from the 1880s.

In the north, the dock area, built by Napoleon, is where Red Star Liners, full of prospective immigrants, left for the USA between 1873 to 1934. There’s an excellent museum and the warehouses have now been converted to bars, restaurants and apartments. A curious hangover from navy days is Antwerp’s remaining red-light district, with only one street with girls displayed in the windows.

You can’t miss the modern cubist building that houses MAS, the Museum Aan de Stroom. On ten floors, various displays deal with big ideas, including “Life and Death” to “Displays of Power”. There are also temporary exhibitions and it’s easy to spend a whole day here.

Of course, Rubens is everywhere and you can visit the Rubenshuis where he lived and see 14 of his paintings on display. His tomb is in the St-Jacobskerk where his famous Our Lady Surrounded by Saints includes likenesses of himself, his wives and his father. The Cathedral has four early paintings and the Rockoxhuis has another couple.

Don’t miss the Plantin-Moretus Museum, now a UNESCO World Heritage site. This was the mansion of printer Christopher Plantin who started the first industrial print works. The rooms are arranged around a central courtyard and highlights include a seventeenth-century bookshop and the world’s first printing press.